organic name reaction introduction

 Topic:  Organic Reaction Mechanism

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NAME : T.MANJU

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

Topic:  Organic Reaction Mechanism

 

The Baeyer-Villiger oxidation is an organic reaction used to convert a ketone to an ester using a peroxyacid (such as mCPBA). The reaction of the ketone with the acid results in a tetrahedral intermediate, with an alkyl migration following to release a carboxylic acid. The more electron rich R group migrates to the oxygen in this concerted process, allowing for accurate prediction of the stereochemistry of the product

The Birch reduction is an organic reaction where aromatic rings undergo a 1,4-reduction to provide unconjugated cyclohexadienes. The reduction is conducted by sodium or lithium metal in liquid ammonia and in the presence of an alcohol. The mechanism begins with a single electron transfer(SET) from the metal to the aromatic ring, forming a radical anion. The anion then picks up a proton from the alcohol which results in a neutral radical intermediate. Another SET, and abstraction of a proton from the alcohol results in the final cyclohexadiene product and two equivalents of metal alkoxide salt as a byproduct. In the case of substituted aromatic rings, the regiochemistry can be predicted using Birch's empirical rules

The Dakin Reaction allows the preparation of phenols from aryl aldehydes or aryl ketones via oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of base. The aryl formate or alkanoate formed as an intermediate is subsequently saponified to yield the substituted phenol product.

Ortho or para +M substituents (NH₂, OH) favor this reaction.